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Two Texans Indicted for Making Animal Torture Videos

Two Texans Indicted for Making Animal Torture Videos


On November 28, 2012, Ashley Nicole Richards and Brent Justice of Houston were indicted for making what US Attorney Kenneth Magidson calls “animal crush videos.”  Both of the defendants have remained in state custody since August 15, 2012, but they are expected to go into federal custody and make an initial court appearance soon.  


An “animal crush video” is any “photograph, motion-picture film, video or digital recording, or electronic image that depicts actual conduct in which one or more living non-human mammals, birds, reptiles, or amphibians is intentionally crushed, burned, drowned, suffocated, impaled, or otherwise subjected to serious bodily injury, and is obscene” as defined under the Animal Crush Video Prohibition Act of 2010.  


According to the seven-count indictment, Justice and Richards created eight videos showing the torturing and killing of puppies and kittens.  The disturbing and obscene videos were created from February 2010 to August 2012 and then distributed.  Authorities have not noted if the heinous videos were distributed over the internet or by hand.  


Richards and Justice remain innocent until proven guilty.  


If they are convicted, Richards and Justice face a maximum penalty of seven years in prison for each of the animal crush charges and up to five years for each obscenity charge.  Each count carries a maximum fine of $250,000 and three years of supervised release as well.  


The Houston Police Department initially investigated the case and began to work with the FBI’s Field Office in Houston.  Assistant U.S. Attorney Sherri L. Zack is in charge of prosecution.  


It’s a sad reality when innocent animals that could have otherwise had a happy and long life are subjected to such grotesque human acts.  


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation
 

Colorado Springs Man Guilty of Robbery and Gun Charges

Colorado Springs Man Guilty of Robbery and Gun Charges


On November 21, 2012, the US Attorney’s Office for the District of Colorado announced that Joshua Bodean Smith of Colorado Springs, Colorado was found guilty of two counts of armed robbery that violated the Hobbs Act.  He was also convicted of two counts of possessing a firearm during a violent crime.  


Bianca Sota, the co-defendant, was named in the indictment, but she was acquitted of similar crimes.  


Smith is scheduled for sentencing on February 22, 2012 before U.S. District Court Judge Christine M. Arguello.  


The indictment and facts made at trial indicate Smith robbed a store on South Nevada Avenue called Cricket Communication Store on August 31, 2010. He also robbed a Burger King restaurant on October 11, 2010 near the Fort Carson military base, and he used a firearm during both of the robberies.  


Smith now faces up to 20 years for each counts of armed robbery that violated the Hobbs Act.  He faces a mandatory and consecutive 10 years to life for using a firearm during the first robbery, and he faces a mandatory and consecutive 25 years to life for using a firearm during the second robbery.


U.S. Attorney John Walsh stated: “The defendant in this case used a deadly weapon during two robberies. Thanks to the trial team, the FBI, Colorado Springs Police Department, and Army Investigators, he faces decades in federal prison—and Colorado is a safer place.”


The FBI, Colorado Springs Police Department, and the Army Criminal Investigation Division at Fort Carson investigated the case.  


James Yacone, FBI Denver Special Agent in Charge, stated: “On behalf of the FBI, I would like to thank the jury for its service.  The verdict for Smith is a just result in light of the violent acts he committed and the manner in which he endangered innocent citizens.”


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation
 

NY Man Sentenced for Trying to Steal Historic Documents

NY Man Sentenced for Trying to Steal Historic Documents


On November 9, 2012, the US Attorney’s Office for the District of Maryland reported that Jason James Savedoff of New York, New York was sentenced to 366 days in prison and two years of supervised release.  He conspired to steals original documents from Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Roosevelt, George Washington, John Adams, and multiple other historical figures from museums and historical societies.  


During the plea agreement, Savedoff admitted that he and Barry Landau, the co-defendant, stole manuscripts and other documents from the Maryland Historical Society, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Connecticut Historical Society, and the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library.  


Before stealing the documents, the two men made lists of documents from important historical figures and figured out what signatures had the most value.  They often visited the museums and posed as researchers.  They used aliases to hide their true identities, and they stole the documents by hiding them in hidden pockets in their sport coats and outerwear.  The co-defendants were able to distract museum curators as they stole the documents.  


The defendants made a checklist for each document that included the author, the document’s date, the document’s collection, the museum card catalogue number, any microfilm for the document, markings on the document, and more.  The defendants were able to hide the card catalogue entries so museum aids were unable to notice the document was missing.  


When Landau’s apartment was searched, authorities found of 6,000 items that were stolen around the United States.  These documents were signed by George Washington, John Adams, Franklin Roosevelt, Marie Antoinette, Karl Marx, and Sir Isaac Newton.  The documents are in the process of being returned to museums and proper owners.  


Landau was sentenced to seven years in prison, and he is required to pay restitution of $46,525.  


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation
 

38 La Cosa Nostra Defendants Plead Guility

38 La Cosa Nostra Defendants Plead Guility


On November 9, 20912, the US Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of New York reported that 38 defendants part of United States v Andrew Russo, et al—what the Justice Department calls the “largest single-day operation against La Cosa Nostra—pleaded guilty to federal charges.  The defendants are leaders, members, and general associates for the “Colombo Family.”


Andrew Russo explained his role as street boss and admitted to racketeering and operating illegal gambling businesses.  During an earlier plea proceeding, Russo also admitted to murdering the Colombo family underboss, Joseph Scopo, in 1993.  Benjamin Castellazzo also pled guilty to racketeering and extortion.  Richard Fusco admitted to his role as consigliere for the Colombo Family and also pled guilty to extortion.  


Andrew Russo, Dennis Delucia, Joseph Savarese, Ilario Sessa, and Angelo Spata accounted for the last five guilty pleas.  Savarese and Sessa admitted to extortion to collect debts.  Savarese admitted to assaulting a victim for collection of $13,000, and Sessa admitted to using a knife during the extortion.  


Most of the defendants face a maximum of 20 years in prison.  As part of the plea agreement, the defendants have agreed to forfeit $5,576,550.39 of criminal proceeds.


FBI Assistant Director Mary Galligan said, “The dwindling strength of all five La Cosa Nostra families is cause for optimism that their pernicious influence in various industries—and their violence in pursuit of that violence—will become a thing of the past.  The FBI will continue to address the threat posed by the Colombos and the other families until it has been eradicated.”


The case is being prosecuted by Elizabeth A. Geddes, Allon Lifshitz, and Gina M. Parlovecchio—all Assistant United States Attorneys.  


United States Attorney Loretta E. Lynch stated, “These convictions mark an important event in this office’s continued efforts to entirely dismantle the Colombo family.”


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation
 

Two Attempted to Sell Stolen Henri Matisse Painting

Two Attempted to Sell Stolen Henri Matisse Painting


On October 31, 2012, Wifredo A Ferrer, US Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, and Michael B Steinbach, Acting Special Agent in Charge of the FBI’s Field Office, announced that a Miami resident and a Mexican national were charged and pled guilty to attempting to sell the stolen Matisse painting called “Odalisque in Red Pants.”  


Pedro Antonia Marcuello Guzman of Miami, Florida and Maria Martha Elisa Ornelas Lazo of Mexico City pled guilty on July 17, 2012.  Marcuello pleaded guilty to conspiring to transport and sell stolen property, transporting stolen property over state lines, and possession of a piece of stolen property—in direct violation of 18 USC § 371, 2314, and 2315.  Ornelas pleaded guilty to conspiring to transport and sell property that was stolen.  The two defendants are scheduled for sentencing on January 22, 2013.  


Marcuello faces a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison, and Ornelas faces up to five years in prison.  “Odalisque in Red Pants” was stolen from the Caracas Museum of Contemporary Art in Caracas, Venezuela around December of 2002.  


Court documents indicate that Marcuello met with FBI undercover agents from December of 2011 to July 13, 2012.  During the meetings, Marcuello agreed to sell the painting for $740,000 and have the painting smuggled into the United States from Mexico.  After the agreement, Ornelas smuggled the stolen painting into the United States on July 16, 2012.  The two defendants gave the painting to the undercover officers the following day, and they were arrested at the time of the monetary transaction.  


The FBI’s Art Crime Team, the FBI Legal Attaché in Caracas and Paris, the Office of International Affairs under the Department of Justice, and the Department of Justice Attaché in Paris helped with the investigation.  


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation

Mussolini

Mussolini

The Life and Death of Mussolini 
Benito Mussolini was most notably a the Fascist leader of the Italian government from  1922 to 1943 and the leader of the National Fascist Party.
Mussolini was born in Dova di Predappio in July of 1883. As a young boy he was influenced by his father’s beliefs as a socialist who admired many Italian Nationalists. He later moved to Switzerland where he studied various philosophers and slowly became involved in the Italian Socialist movement. He returned to Italy and served in the military for two years.
He left Italy again and moved to Trento, where he worked for the labor party while also doing work for the Socialist party. He became a prominent member of the Socialist party but by WWI, he found himself with an opinion different form the other Socialists who felt that they should not be involved in the war.
Mussolini denounced socialism and took on a more nationalist stance, which eventually transformed into his fascist beliefs. He entered politics and created the Italian Combat Squad, which claimed to oppose social class discrimination but instead supported nationalist ideas like unity. He later founded the Fighting Fascists which gave him a seat in the Parliament in 1921. 
By setting fixed general elections, he was able to maintain his position and eventually created a dictatorship. However, living standards declined for many Italians and while life was not getting better for these citizens, Mussolini did nothing to fit the situation.
Mussolini put the Italian nation through wars the Ethiopian War, Spain’s Civil War, finally World War II. He Joined Adolf Hitler and started to attack Jewish people in his own country. Towards the end of the 1930’s, Mussolini found himself with significantly less support.
Because of fear of being overshadowed by other political leaders of the world, Mussolini strived to continue his efforts in World War II, despite a lack of support from Italy’s citizens. His military suffered tremendous losses and defeats from European forces due to lack of food and supplies and lost his power in 1942. While Hitler helped him restore his position a year later, he still struggled through his plans of invasion and occupation as well as through a civil war between 1944 and 1945.
As the end of the war neared, Mussolini struggled to survive. He was arrested but was soon freed. As Allied forces came closer, he attempted to escape with his mistress to Switzerland. He was captured and the next day he was executed.

America’s Most Wanted

America’s Most Wanted

Finding America’s Most Wanted


In the United States, there are many different wanted lists based on the level of government as well as the agency involved. The most commonly known one in the United States is the Federal Bureau of Investigations most wanted list.

Different FBI Wanted Lists
The FBI has different lists based on the crimes.
Ten Most Wanted
Most Wanted Terrorists
Crime Alerts
Crimes Against Children
Parental Kidnappings
The Ten Most Wanted List is one of the most well know FBI list that have been in existence since March of 1950. The list was designed by the FBI with the country’s new media in order to publicize dangerous fugitives in order to receive more public assistance in tracking these fugitives. These names are chosen by the 56 field offices of the FBI who submit their candidates for the list to the Criminal Investigative Division. Selected candidates are approved by the Assistant director and then the FBI’s director.
In order to be on the list, an individual must have a long record of committing crimes or be a very dangerous menace to society. The case must also benefit from public awareness. The first person to be put on the list was Thomas James Holden, who had murdered his wife and two of her relatives. Since then 949 fugitives have been put on the list, while 464 of them have been located or apprehended.
Currently the FBI’s 10 Most Wanted Fugitives are:
Jason Derek Brown
Joe Luis Saenz
Victor Manuel Gerena
Eduardo Ravelo
Robert William Fisher
Alexis Flores
Semion Mogilevich
Glen Stewart Godwin
James J. Bulger
Osama Bin Laden (who is now deceased)

Other Most Wanted Lists
Other agencies and governments have their own most wanted lists as well.
The Drug Enforcement Administration maintains their own lists of most wanted fugitives based on Field Division. They also keep a list of major international fugitives as well.
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and firearms has a wanted list.
Environmental Protection Agency’s list of fugitives includes those who have broken the EPA’s rules.
U.S. Marshal’s Most Wanted list consists of those with a history of many violent crimes who are possibly armed and dangerous.
U.S. Postal Inspection Service has a list for those who have committed robbery, mail fraud, harming postal employees, and other crimes.
Secret Service Most wanted Fugitives
Interpol International Police Organization
Many states also have their own most wanted lists that are maintained by a specific department for each state. For example, California’s most wanted list is kept by the Department of Justice, while New York’s list is kept by the Department of Corrections and Community Supervision. 

Gang Violence

 Gang Violence

A Look at Gang Violence


While the definition of a gang can vary dramatically, most gangs that are not associated to organized crime are known for their street presence as well as their role in committing street crimes. Gangs tend to be most effected in urban areas that do not have proper social institutions set up, such as schools and families.
The number of gang violence and gangs related problems in the United States grew significantly during the 1980s and 1990’s. This increase developed at the same time the crack cocaine epidemic occurred, suggesting a relationship between the two. While there was a decline in the mid 1990’s to the early 2000’s, gang problems have been increasing steadily since. With this, gang violence has also increased as well.
While gang violence and activity can be cyclical in smaller regions and neighborhoods, it is much more likely for larger cities to report consistent gang violence. Occasionally, large flare-ups of gang violence also occur, but these upswings are normally not on a national trend.
Levels of gang violence can vary from city to city and even from one gang to another, but has certainly increased. One of the main factors behind is the increase in firearms in modern day gang activity. Often, gangs recruit young individuals who already possess firearms and promote their use within the gang. Many jurisdictions that experience higher levels of gang violence often see higher levels of firearms used in homicides.
Many of these large street gangs use gang violence in order to control or expand certain illegal activities, such as drug distribution, targeting dealers and rival gang members who do not pay extortion fees, to have members follow the rules within a gang, or to stop a member from trying to leave the gang.
Gang violence has been reported to be responsible for many major violent crimes in the United States, such as:
Robbery
Homicide
Money laundering
Weapons trafficking
Burglary
Assault
Drive-by shootings
Prostitution operations
Selling stolen property
Extortion
While local government and law enforcement work to reduce gang violence, the issue is also handled by the FBI. Since January 2011, the FBI has worked to create 168 Safe Streets Task Forces that have worked to fight against gang violence.
In 2004, the FBI established the National Gang Task Force in order to coordinate investigations between local, state, and federal agencies regarding MS-13 targets in order to reduce gang violence. 
The FBI has also created the National Gang Intelligence Center to provide a mechanism for both local and federal law enforcement to combine gang data in order to identify any trends in gang violence and other activity. 

Legal Conspiracy

Legal Conspiracy

Civil Law Conspiracy


In civil law, a conspiracy is the creation and operation of an agreement or preconceived plan between two parties (or more) to perform an illegal act that is made with the intention to deprive or damage a third party. 
Often the elements of a civil conspiracy include:
A concerted action
Involvement of two or more parties
Purpose of action is to accomplish a unlawful purpose or a lawful one by unlawful or criminal means
Damage to the plaintiff
In a civil conspiracy, it is not enough to allege a conspiracy to consider it actionable, thus having these elements makes a conspiracy case much more salient. The conspiracy action is for the damages that come out of any acts that are committed pursuant to the conspiracy in question. If a party receives an allegation of civil conspiracy, that allegation must be paired with a substantial theory of liability. Together they can sustain a cause of action.
While a cause of action is poorly defined for civil conspiracy in many different court decisions, there are some good reasons to please a civil conspiracy assuming there is factual support. 
An action for conspiracy may allow a party to sue another party who would not otherwise be considered liable.
In a civil conspiracy claim, a plaintiff may show evidence of acts by a co-conspirator that may not be named a defendant in order which can be used against a defendant. 
Having an action considered a conspiracy makes the matter seem more ominous. For example, a conspiracy to fraud can sound much worse than regular fraud.
Criminal Law Conspiracy
In criminal law, a conspiracy is the creation and agreement between two or more parties to take part in criminal activity in the future. While the actions taken in advance may not be considered a crime independently, the intent to break the law can be reason enough to be charged with conspiracy as well as the crime that was conspired.
A persona or even a business can generally be convicted of criminal conspiracy if:
A concerted action
Involvement of two or more parties
The actions were done with the purpose of promoting or facilitating conduct that is considered a crime, or a solicitation of a crime
The actions were done to help another plan, commit, or attempt to solicit a crime
For criminal conspiracy, it is necessary to prove the agreement. Since the agreement is the basis for the conspiracy, it is often inferred based off of the cases facts. The agreement does not necessarily have to be verbal, written, or even explicit, but it allows the parties to reach an understanding and to work for a common goal.
Many statutes concerning criminal law also require at least one or more of the parties involved to actually commit the overt action in order to maintain the conspiracy.
It can be advantageous to charge a party with criminal conspiracy because doing may prevent the planned crime from happening. It may also help charge multiple defendants at once while presenting evidence against the parties.

Wanted Posters

Wanted Posters

Using Wanted Posters


A wanted poster is a poster circulated throughout the public to let the citizens know about an alleged criminal whom law enforcement and other authorities want to apprehend.
Some information that is found on a wanted poster includes:
Basic personal information such as name and birth date
Aliases
Physical description including height, weight, build, hair, eyes, race, and sex
Other remarks on the description
Photos
Details of crime
Reward
A wanted posted will often include a photograph of the alleged criminal if a picture is available. If one is not, a drawing or facial composite image drawn by a police artist is used instead.
The wanted poster will usually also include a physical description of the person in question along with the details of the crime that they have allegedly committed. Wanted posters can be made and distributed by police departments on different levels of government or other public government agencies such as the FBI. 
Wanted Posters are often put on display in an area that is public so that a large amount of individuals can see the picture. This can be in a post office lobby or a physical bulletin board. Historically, railway security, vigilante groups, express companies, and other private agencies have also used wanted posters in an attempt to apprehend an individual.
Wanted posters for an especially notorious fugitive often include an offer for a reward or bounty for the capture of the fugitive, or a reward for information that can lead to the capture. Wanted posters used in a more modern age can also include an image of the fugitive’s fingerprints.
The FBI started using wanted posters in December 15, 1919. At the time, it was not meant to be a wanted poster, but rather a piece of paper with all the information known about an alleged criminal. It was titled the Identification Order Number 1 and since then, over 5,400 identification orders have been put out. These wanted posters were also the foundation of the list of the FBI’s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, which was created in 1950.
While wanted papers started out on paper, recent technological advances have provided other means of distributing wanted posters. The FBI started posting wanted posters on electronic billboards in 2007, initially putting posters in 23 different cities. Because of these electronic billboards, there have been at least 30 cases solved in direct response to the publicity received by these billboards.

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