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US Marshals Inspector Awarded for Heroism in Virginia

US Marshals Inspector Awarded for Heroism in Virginia


On October 17, 2012, the US Marshals Service announced that Inspector John Long of the US Marshals’ Capital Area Regional Fugitive Task Force will receive the Department of Justice, Attorney General’s Award for Exceptional Heroism.  He is receiving the award for risking his life during field duties when he saved the life of a woman in the Eastern District of Virginia.  


During an investigation, Inspector Long noticed that a woman came running and screaming out of her home.  She was chased by Johnny Jones, a wanted fugitive, and he was ripping at her hair and holding a pistol in his other hand.  


Inspector Long immediately exited his vehicle and pointed a service rifle at Jones.  After he demanded Jones to drop his gun, the fugitive released the woman and ran back inside of her home.  Inspector Long safely placed the women in his vehicle and called for the rest of his team that was conducting surveillance nearby.  


Jones proceeded to flee from the house—where he broke in using a brick—and he ran through the neighborhood into a patch of woods.  Inspector Long chased after Jones, and he eventually spotted him crawling out of a shed with the gun in his hand.  Inspector Long pointed his rifle at Jones a second time and demanded that he drop the weapon.  Jones threw the gun and surrendered on the spot.  


Jones was wanted for abduction, grand larceny, and probation violation after serving time for rape, abduction, using a firearm, breaking and entering, theft, and malicious wounding.  He is a registered sex offender in Virginia as well.  


Jones received 6 ½ years in prison for the offenses that occurred on the day Inspector Jones risked his life.  He will face more time for the probation violations.  


Source: U.S. Marshals Service

$5,000 Offered for Information on Salem Bank Robbery

$5,000 Offered for Information on Salem Bank Robbery


On October 18, 2012, the Portland FBI announced that the Oregon Financial Institutions Security Task Force (FIST) is offering a reward of $5,000 for any information that leads to the arrests of the two armed men who robbed the West Coast Bank on September 10, 2012.  

The robbery occurred at about 3:15 p.m. at the West Coast Bank on 5686 Commercial Street SE in Salem, Oregon.  The first suspect stood and watched at the door as the other suspect went up to the teller’s counter, flashed a handgun, and demanded money.  The men eventually left in a stolen truck, but the truck was found abandoned after a short amount of time.  


The first suspect is a white male in his 40s or 50s.  He is about 6’0” tall, and he has a medium build.  During the robbery, he wore a welder’s mask, a dark sweatshirt with a hood, and blue jeans.  


The second suspect is a white male in his 40s to 50s as well.  The man is between 5’9” and 5’10” and he has a thin build.  During the robbery, he wore dark goggles and a dark baseball hat with light lettering.  He was also wearing a dark long-sleeved shirt, dark pants, and blue jeans under the pants.  


If you have any information about the suspects or their current location, you need to contact the FBI in Salem immediately at (503) 362-6601.  You can also call the FBI in Portland at (503) 224-4181 or the Salem Police at (503) 540-2352.  


The FBI announces that FIST is an effort between local, state, and federal law enforcement to help protect banks, savings and loans, and credit unions.  The goal of FIST is to reduce the amount of crimes committed against these financial institutions.  


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation
 

Top Trial Attorney James Brosnahan Reflects on Over 50 Years of Law Practice

Top Trial Attorney James Brosnahan Reflects on Over 50 Years of Law Practice

San Francisco, CA—One of the top 30 trial lawyers in the United States, James Brosnahan first realized he wanted to practice criminal law before he even went to law school.

Once he graduated, he was plunged directly into the deep end.  “My very first trial was a first degree murder case,” Brosnahan recalled in a recent interview with laws.com.  “Of course, at that time, it was a very big case for me.  It was in the Pima reservation, south of Phoenix.”

(More on News at LAWS.com, Contact Alberto for interviews “support@laws.com”)

Brosnahan has been practicing law for over 50 years, most recently at Morrison & Foerster, recently named 2013 Law Firm of the Year by Chambers Global.  In half a century of practicing law, the situation has changed substantially for criminal defendants.

“Today, it is extremely difficult for criminal defense lawyers to practice law, because of the federal sentencing guidelines,” he explains.  “They basically convert humans into mathematical statistics.”

These sentencing guidelines have led to an increase in plea agreements.  Making the decision to plea bargain or go to trial is rarely an easy one, according to Brosnahan.  “Before going to trial or taking a plea deal, I always analyze the future of my client.  What is this plea deal going to do for my client's future?  What is it that I can do to benefit my client's future?  And—most importantly—what does the client want to do?”

After representing clients in a number of high profile cases, Brosnahan has his pick of cases today, specializing in over 25 areas of practice.  “I choose cases if there is an interesting issue in the case,” he says.  “What really gets me going is if the government has overreached, and they oftentimes do.  I like to resist that, and find out how to do things within the rules, because they're hardly ever what the government thinks they are.  Many times, the defendant is not guilty of what they were charged with.”

Brosnahan believes that it's hard to overestimate the role of individual jurors and jury selection during trial.  “I don't think I knew enough human psychology when I first started, and I did not comprehend the real dynamics of jury deliberations,” he says.  “I thought early on that the outcome of the case was all based on my performance, but it turned out that the jury plays a much bigger role than I thought.”

Taking high profile, difficult cases, including for defendants like John Walker Lindh, has led to media attention—and the press can be tough to deal with.  “What I have learned from working on these high-profiled cases is to not let the spotlight change or influence the integrity of my work.”  While it can be tempting to talk to the press, Brosnahan cautions younger attorneys: “The only audience that matters is the judge and the jury, so a lot of attorneys have to be extremely careful not to let the media bully them around.”

When getting started in criminal defense, Brosnahan says that it's critical to know how you appear and sound in court.  “Practice your delivery as much as possible.  Public speaking is essential in this practice, so you must find as many opportunities to speak to a large audience as possible.  It also doesn't hurt to read a few biographies of notable criminal defense attorneys to have a better understanding of the practice.  What has worked for me—and what I highly recommend—is to talk to criminal defense attorneys who have the time and patience to answer questions.”

Morrison & Foerster strives to be an extremely well-balanced law firm, providing a broad range of services. With more than 1,000 lawyers in 16 offices in key technology and financial centers in the United States, Europe and Asia, their clients include some of the largest financial institutions, investment banks, and Fortune 100, technology and life science companies. To learn more about James Brosnahan and his practice, click here.

Hitman Receives Life in Prison Plus 40 Years

Hitman Receives Life in Prison Plus 40 Years


On October 19, 2012, the US Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Texas announced that Gerardo Castillo-Chavez from Tamaulipas, Mexico, received life in prison plus 40 years for murders that were linked to the Gulf Cartel and Zetas.  The co-defendant, Eduardo Carreon-Ibarra, received 25 years in prison along with a former 20 year sentence.  


The charges come from a superseding indictment on February 17, 2010 that charged Castillo-Chavez and 33 other people with 47 counts of kidnapping, murder, drug conspiracy, money laundering, using juveniles to commit violent crimes, firearms violations and more.


During the trial, testimony was provided by a couple of Zeta hitmen who admitted to murders in Laredo in Texas, Nuevo Laredo in Tamaulipas, and Monterrey in Mexico.  Several other defendants testified about drug trafficking from Mexico to areas like New York City and Dallas.  Prosecutors with the United States presented evidence that proved the killing and kidnapping of two U.S. citizens in Nuevo Laredo as well.  


Castillo-Chavez was proved to work with the Gulf Cartel and Zetas between November of 2005 and April of 2009.  Testimony proved that Castillo-Chavez committed a double murder on April 2, 2006 and attempted two other people in March of 2006.  He was responsible for a grenade attack in Monterrey that killed four as well.  


Carreon-Ibarra was convicted of attempting to commit an assassination in a nightclub in February of 2006.  As he was waiting for a delivery of grenades at a local hotel, he was arrested before the assassination could take place.  Police found semi-automatic pistols and two fully automatic assault rifles in his possession.  


The investigation was headed by the Drug Enforcement Agency and the Laredo Police Department.  Multiple other federal and local authorities assisted in the investigation as well.  


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation
 

Robber’s Mother Guilty in Conspiring to Rob Armored Car

Robber’s Mother Guilty in Conspiring to Rob Armored Car


On October 16, 2012, the US Attorney’s Office for the District of Maryland announced that Regina McCullom, also known as Regina Wilson, pleaded guilty to a gun charge and conspiring to rob an armored car when the car was transporting a large amount of cash.  


During a former guilty plea, McCullom admitted that she and her son, Erik Wilson, planned to rob an armored car at gunpoint.  Erik Wilson worked for Dunbar Armored and knew the robbery was going to occur on when the armored car was traveling throughout Washington D.C.  He acted surprised when the co-defendants robbed the armored car and made off with roughly $210,000.  


A second robbery occurred on April 29, 2009.  McCullom drove her son and David Howard to an apartment complex in Silver Spring, Maryland where they put on fake beards.  McCullom waited with the first vehicle as Howard and Erick Wilson left in another vehicle to rob a Dunbar truck.  The second robbery occurred on New Hampshire Avenue, and Wilson was able to steal $160,000 and the Dunbar guard’s handgun.  


The two men then traveled back to the apartment complex and met McCullom.  She left in a taxi with the money and handgun in a duffel bag.  She returned home and met her son and Howard at a hotel in Columbia.  They divided the cash in a room.  


Erick Wilson and David Marquise Howard pleaded guilty to the two armed car robberies.  They will be sentenced on November 20-21 of 2012.  


McCullom pled guilty to the first armored car robbery and was sentenced in 2009.  After pleading guilty to the second armored car robbery, she now faces a maximum penalty of 20 years in prison for conspiracy and a minimum of five years for aiding and abetting with a firearm during a crime of violence.  She can receive life in prison for the firearm charge as well.  


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation

Gang Violence

 Gang Violence

A Look at Gang Violence


While the definition of a gang can vary dramatically, most gangs that are not associated to organized crime are known for their street presence as well as their role in committing street crimes. Gangs tend to be most effected in urban areas that do not have proper social institutions set up, such as schools and families.
The number of gang violence and gangs related problems in the United States grew significantly during the 1980s and 1990’s. This increase developed at the same time the crack cocaine epidemic occurred, suggesting a relationship between the two. While there was a decline in the mid 1990’s to the early 2000’s, gang problems have been increasing steadily since. With this, gang violence has also increased as well.
While gang violence and activity can be cyclical in smaller regions and neighborhoods, it is much more likely for larger cities to report consistent gang violence. Occasionally, large flare-ups of gang violence also occur, but these upswings are normally not on a national trend.
Levels of gang violence can vary from city to city and even from one gang to another, but has certainly increased. One of the main factors behind is the increase in firearms in modern day gang activity. Often, gangs recruit young individuals who already possess firearms and promote their use within the gang. Many jurisdictions that experience higher levels of gang violence often see higher levels of firearms used in homicides.
Many of these large street gangs use gang violence in order to control or expand certain illegal activities, such as drug distribution, targeting dealers and rival gang members who do not pay extortion fees, to have members follow the rules within a gang, or to stop a member from trying to leave the gang.
Gang violence has been reported to be responsible for many major violent crimes in the United States, such as:
Robbery
Homicide
Money laundering
Weapons trafficking
Burglary
Assault
Drive-by shootings
Prostitution operations
Selling stolen property
Extortion
While local government and law enforcement work to reduce gang violence, the issue is also handled by the FBI. Since January 2011, the FBI has worked to create 168 Safe Streets Task Forces that have worked to fight against gang violence.
In 2004, the FBI established the National Gang Task Force in order to coordinate investigations between local, state, and federal agencies regarding MS-13 targets in order to reduce gang violence. 
The FBI has also created the National Gang Intelligence Center to provide a mechanism for both local and federal law enforcement to combine gang data in order to identify any trends in gang violence and other activity. 

Legal Conspiracy

Legal Conspiracy

Civil Law Conspiracy


In civil law, a conspiracy is the creation and operation of an agreement or preconceived plan between two parties (or more) to perform an illegal act that is made with the intention to deprive or damage a third party. 
Often the elements of a civil conspiracy include:
A concerted action
Involvement of two or more parties
Purpose of action is to accomplish a unlawful purpose or a lawful one by unlawful or criminal means
Damage to the plaintiff
In a civil conspiracy, it is not enough to allege a conspiracy to consider it actionable, thus having these elements makes a conspiracy case much more salient. The conspiracy action is for the damages that come out of any acts that are committed pursuant to the conspiracy in question. If a party receives an allegation of civil conspiracy, that allegation must be paired with a substantial theory of liability. Together they can sustain a cause of action.
While a cause of action is poorly defined for civil conspiracy in many different court decisions, there are some good reasons to please a civil conspiracy assuming there is factual support. 
An action for conspiracy may allow a party to sue another party who would not otherwise be considered liable.
In a civil conspiracy claim, a plaintiff may show evidence of acts by a co-conspirator that may not be named a defendant in order which can be used against a defendant. 
Having an action considered a conspiracy makes the matter seem more ominous. For example, a conspiracy to fraud can sound much worse than regular fraud.
Criminal Law Conspiracy
In criminal law, a conspiracy is the creation and agreement between two or more parties to take part in criminal activity in the future. While the actions taken in advance may not be considered a crime independently, the intent to break the law can be reason enough to be charged with conspiracy as well as the crime that was conspired.
A persona or even a business can generally be convicted of criminal conspiracy if:
A concerted action
Involvement of two or more parties
The actions were done with the purpose of promoting or facilitating conduct that is considered a crime, or a solicitation of a crime
The actions were done to help another plan, commit, or attempt to solicit a crime
For criminal conspiracy, it is necessary to prove the agreement. Since the agreement is the basis for the conspiracy, it is often inferred based off of the cases facts. The agreement does not necessarily have to be verbal, written, or even explicit, but it allows the parties to reach an understanding and to work for a common goal.
Many statutes concerning criminal law also require at least one or more of the parties involved to actually commit the overt action in order to maintain the conspiracy.
It can be advantageous to charge a party with criminal conspiracy because doing may prevent the planned crime from happening. It may also help charge multiple defendants at once while presenting evidence against the parties.

Wanted Posters

Wanted Posters

Using Wanted Posters


A wanted poster is a poster circulated throughout the public to let the citizens know about an alleged criminal whom law enforcement and other authorities want to apprehend.
Some information that is found on a wanted poster includes:
Basic personal information such as name and birth date
Aliases
Physical description including height, weight, build, hair, eyes, race, and sex
Other remarks on the description
Photos
Details of crime
Reward
A wanted posted will often include a photograph of the alleged criminal if a picture is available. If one is not, a drawing or facial composite image drawn by a police artist is used instead.
The wanted poster will usually also include a physical description of the person in question along with the details of the crime that they have allegedly committed. Wanted posters can be made and distributed by police departments on different levels of government or other public government agencies such as the FBI. 
Wanted Posters are often put on display in an area that is public so that a large amount of individuals can see the picture. This can be in a post office lobby or a physical bulletin board. Historically, railway security, vigilante groups, express companies, and other private agencies have also used wanted posters in an attempt to apprehend an individual.
Wanted posters for an especially notorious fugitive often include an offer for a reward or bounty for the capture of the fugitive, or a reward for information that can lead to the capture. Wanted posters used in a more modern age can also include an image of the fugitive’s fingerprints.
The FBI started using wanted posters in December 15, 1919. At the time, it was not meant to be a wanted poster, but rather a piece of paper with all the information known about an alleged criminal. It was titled the Identification Order Number 1 and since then, over 5,400 identification orders have been put out. These wanted posters were also the foundation of the list of the FBI’s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, which was created in 1950.
While wanted papers started out on paper, recent technological advances have provided other means of distributing wanted posters. The FBI started posting wanted posters on electronic billboards in 2007, initially putting posters in 23 different cities. Because of these electronic billboards, there have been at least 30 cases solved in direct response to the publicity received by these billboards.

Cosa Nostra

Cosa Nostra

La Cosa Nostra in the United States


La Cosa Nostra, or the Mafia is the most organized criminal threat In America. The name is literally translated as “this thing of ours.” The organization relies on a national alliance of criminals that are either linked by familial ties or by conspiracy. Unlike organized crime in Italy, La Cosa Nostra is an Italian organization that is founded in the United States. This quality is shared with the Neapolitan Mafia, Calabrian Mafia, and the United Sacred Crown.
According to the FBI, La Cosa Nostra consists of several different groups or families that are most commonly arranged by location who are engaged in organized racketeering actions. La Cosa Nostra has a strong presence throughout the United States, particularly in New York, Philadelphia, along with southern New Jersey. However, they are also active in other areas of New England, Detroit, Chicago, as well as other locations internationally.
Organized crime families such as La Cosa Nostra evolved over thousands of years due to different periods of exploitation and invasions of Italy. Throughout these events, Sicilians soon became much more clan based and began to rely heavily on family and other strong ties for protection, safety, justice, and survival. They created groups that that initially acted as resistance fighters who would exact vigilante justice and profit at the expense of the oppressor. 
These groups eventually developed into the Mafia. In the beginning of the 20th century, many of these head figures of organized crime groups illegally immigrated to the United States where they established the American Mafia, or La Cosa Nostra. This began with Charles Luciano, who was a Sicilian Mafioso. He came to the United States and is credited for structuring La Cosa Nostra, which was based off the structure of the Sicilian Mafia
Some of the most historically influential actions of La Cosa Nostra involved labor racketeering, which was manipulating, controlling, or dominating the labor movement in order to somehow affect the industries and businesses related, potential resulting in economic losses by the insurer, consumer, business, or workers, as well as the potential loss of worker’s rights. Some examples of La Cosa Nostra’s involvement in labor racketeering include: 
Members of La Cosa Nostra falsely listing their employment as labor or labor-related at the 1957 Apalachin conference in New York.
Systematic racketeering in the International Brotherhood of Teamsters as well as the Hotel Employees & Restaurant Employees International Union.
Exposure in 1986 by the President’s Council on Organized Crime dinficating that five major unions being dominated by La Cosa Nostra.
Paul Castellano, the former Gambino family boss saying the job of La Cosa Nostra was to run the unions.

Cartels

CartelsCartels and Their Role in the Market



A cartel is an explicit or formal agreement among firms that are in competition with each other. By creating a cartel, it sets up a formal organization of manufacturers and produces that decide and agree on fixed prices, production, and marketing to increase the profits of the participants. This allows the participating producers to constrain other competing companies outside of the cartel and potentially create a monopoly of the product in the market.
Topics discussed on in a cartel agreement can include:
Price Fixing
Bid rigging
Market Shares
Total industry output
Allocation of territories
Allocation of customers
Establishment of sales agencies
Division of profits among participants.
Cartels can often be found in markets that have a smaller number of sellers and in turn, less competition. It also applies to a product that is relatively homogenous and has few variations between sellers. 
Because of antitrust laws (specifically the Sherman Antitrust Act which passed in 1890), cartels are no longer legal in the United States and creating one is considered a federal crime. However, many European countries do allow cartels to operate. These cartels influence the prices of imported goods that come into the United States. Drug cartels in other countries also affect the United States, as many illegal narcotics are smuggled into the United States.
Cartels can be classified as being either private or public.
Public: The government is involved in order to regulate and enforce the cartel agreements made. The sovereignty of the government protects the cartels from any legal actions made against them.
Private: These cartels can be legally liable under whatever antitrust laws are in placed in the country of question.
Most competition laws and antitrust laws forbid private cartel agreements. It is important to spot and break up these private cartels because of competition policy that are found in most countries, although it is rarely an easy task to prove the existence of a cartel agreement since many of the involved parties are extremely careful not to leave physical evidence of such a thing.
Many different legal decisions and economic studies of antitrust authorities have concluded that the median increase in price accomplished by these cartels was about 25% in the last 200 years. Private cartels with participants from two or more countries created an average increase of price of 28%, whereas private domestic cartels averaged 18%. Less than 10% of all cartels used in the sample did not raise the market price of their product.
One example of a cartel is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC. This cartel is between the governments of The United Arab Emirates, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iraq, Libya, Kuwait, Iran, Angola, Ecuador, and Algeria.
OPEC represents countries that produce major sources of oil in the Middle East, South America, and Africa. While not as powerful as they once were, they have some control of gas prices and cannot be held accountable for being in a cartel due to public international law giving them doctrine of state immunity.

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